Communities Resolving Our Problems: the basic idea
[SUP: Sharing Problems] [THINK: Guidance] [LEAP: Solving Problems]

Data Management Help

How do you use these information systems to LOOK? No matter which information system you use, critically evaluate what you find for authority, accuracy, objectivity, and coverage. Given the weak editing of many files and sites on the Internet, it is even more important to use Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources. The hunting tools pyramid puts electronic tools in rough order of the amount of human intelligence that these links make available to you.
  • Direct contact with people provides the greatest amount of intelligence that can be directly applied to your specific needs, if only you could contact them and get a response. The Internet can provide new resources for finding your contact information. 
  • For cellulose technology, that is for citation or printed and other physical resources, help is as close as your local librarian's reference desk. They are also experienced with searching electronically for physical resources such as books and tapes. You can also search these from your desktop. These are often the most refereed or qualified forms of publication.
  • For silicon technology, or networked/online systems, help is harder to find and the online systems are undergoing rapid change, so books on this topic are frequently out of date. Some librarians are on top of the full-text reference systems on the Internet, so don't neglect talking again to your reference desk librarian. However, the help links below will support Lookers with both cellulose and silicon (library and network) systems.
  • For your personal workstation, you must set up a means to collect the wide variety of data formats available on the net (video clips, radio shows, photo's, cartoons, books, essays, email, etc.). There is a way to copy or move any and all to your diskettes. Then you must begin to organize, that is to give it a sequence and prune your collection. Creating concept maps, outlining and frequent reorganization are some of the best practices to use continually.

  •  No computer tool surpasses your own personal management skills.
    Hone these skills:

    If you have questions or suggestions about this file, contact me at the email address below.


    Data Management Help

    Talk to People

    Use the Pyramid strategy in Look section to find people and "talk" with them in person, on the phone, or through dozens of Internet based systems of interact.
     

    Master Card Catalog Systems

    The general goal in searching an online library or libraries is to copy useful citations from your screen and paste them into a word processing file. You use Web browsing software as your hunting weapon and a word processor file as your capture bag. The Look section of the Learner Home Page has a link called Library Systems (e.g., Print/AudioVisual). that lists a wide range of libraries and special library resources to search. Generally these are citation oriented systems that point to the location of books and articles which then require you to visit that library to read them. However, most libraries are experimenting with putting the full text of selected articles online and sometimes books themselves. If you just want further coaching on how to set up collection systems, move to the section, Personal Data Management Coaching.
     
     

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    World Wide Web and General Internet Help

    You can also use the Web to search not just for citations which only point to the presence and location of a reference, but to obtain the source itself. Sometimes this is referred to as a fulltext search. See the base of the pyramid, the fulltext link, in CROP's Look section for a range of web searching tools.

     The text and web address of web pages can be copied and also pasted into your project's word processor file. But that term is misleading, because this is a multimedia world. So you may also be searching for files that will be digital audio, photo, video clips or lengthy articles and books. For these file types, your capture bag must be a folder, because a single word processing file is generally too cumbersome for storing all these kinds of data. This means that for your operating system, whether Mac, Windows or other, you will need to know how to create a new folder (sometimes called a directory). Label this folder with a title appropriate to your project. But you still use a word processing file to store the names of the files you capture and place in your folder. Create a brief discription of what the captured file consists of or contains to go with the name of the file. Your word processing file acts then as a table of contents or master annotated index to everything in your project folder.
     
     

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    Personal Data Management Coaching

    How to Collect

    You begin with a need for a container to hold what you will catch with your Looking and hunting. Make one now. To set up a folder or directory:
    • The Macintosh Way
      • New to the Mac? Run the tutorial called Macintosh Basics which ships with every Mac computer to learn about making folders and moving files into them.
      •  Quick start folder: Double-click the disk or drive icon on the desktop. This puts you in Finder (the desktop operating system), and from the Menu Bar, click on File and drag down to the first command which is New Folder. Give it a relevant title. Your new folder will appear on the desktop or the active open desktop window. Save to or click and drag related files to this folder.
      •  Quick start notes file: Launch the ClarisWorks program or some word processor and open a word processing window. Now return to your Internet browser application and hunt and read the resources you find through the computer network. Use this word processing file to enter your own new ideas, to copy and paste text from the Net, and to record the names of downloaded files that you place in your folder in this file. This will be your Project Home File. Save this file into your Project folder. 
    • The Windows Way
      • New to Windows? Run the tutorial that ships with your Windows installation CD.
      • Quick start folder: Double-click to open the My Computer icon on the desktop. Open one of the drive icons. Click on File at the top left of the window, and select New, then Folder. Give it a relevant title. Your new folder will appear on the desktop or the active open desktop window.  Save to or click and drag related files to this folder.

      •  
      •  Quick start notes file: Launch the ClarisWorks program or some word processor and open a word processing window. Now return to your Internet browser application and hunt and read the resources you find through the computer network. Use this word processing file to enter your own new ideas, to copy and paste text from the Net, and to record the names of downloaded files that you place in your folder in this file. This will be your Project Home File. Save this file into your Project folder. 
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    How to Organize your Collection (Pre-composing)

    As your "catch" grows, you will find that subsets begin to appear. As your collection builds, begin to look for groups of ideas that can be labeled appropriately. Look for tools that can assist this process. The organization of information according the personal reference of the collector makes an important leap. It moves the collector from a simple copier of information, like copying from an encyclopedia, to meaningful thinking that is current to the users situation. This puts the data in the current context, not the context of the setting in which the data was found and originally organized. This gives the data relevance to the current problem. Through this act of creative organization, the collector gives the data new meaning. Organizing afresh renews the very meaning of the data.

     Compare and contrast organizing and not organizing. Why is organizing useful? To get this usefulness concept across to the youngest learners, dump 4 or 5 dollars worth of pennies on a table, give them the paper sleeves a bank uses and tell them to put them in sets of 50. Think of further physical activities that serve as a basis to discuss the benefits of organizing, that enable you to ask the central question. Draw parallels between the benefits of grouping things and the benefit of grouping ideas. For example, just as it is easier to see and count (inventory) grouped items, it is easier to see an overview or list of your major ideas. On the other hand, when does organizing disrupt creativity?

     As your collection grows, your electronic folder should hold at least one word processing file which holds your own ideas, brainstorms, and the names of the other files in your folder. Think of this central file as the home file for your project. These other files in your folder might be images, drawings, photo's, digital maps, digital video clips and sounds, digital speech and so forth. The name of the file that you note in your home file may not be enough description. It may take an entire paragraph or more to describe or summarize the useful contents of related files.

     These groups will make better sense if they are sequenced in an order of your choosing. Then it will be helpful to order or sequence the elements or items within your groups.

     But what order or sequence? To answer that, you must decide on your audience. Are you communicating to yourself, just trying to understand and get your thoughts together on a topic? Then in determining this sequence you have only to ask yourself which is best. Do you like your most difficult, or your most interesting or your easiest topics first. But if you must communicate to others, then you must get to know them better. Who is this person or who are those people? What do they know? What must they know first, so that other ideas will follow?

     One of the most powerful ways to move from organizing to evoking a response from others (composing) is to use a word processor with outlining capability, but there are many related tools.

    Tools for Organizing (Grouping/Patterning, Labelling, Sequencing)

      Concept  Maps /Semantic Maps / Topic Maps/ Three-Dimensional Information Spaces / Mind Mapping / Graphic Organizers (Grouping)
      • Use paper. Sketch one by hand.
      • Use a Draw program. See ClarisWorks/Appleworks' Draw program, and its Help file and other common draw programs such as PhotoDraw, Superpaint and many others.
      • Semantic Map specific software:
        • Map Mac map tools: SemNet (example), C-Map, Textvision (free); Learning Tool, Inspiration (pay).
        • Windows map tools: MindMan, Axon Idea Processor, VisiMap, Inspiration, Activity Map (fee).
        • Sample list of software with links and description
      Outlines (Grouping, Patterning, Sequencing)
      • Use paper. Write one by hand.
      • Use an Outline processor.
      • See ClarisWorks  Word Processor program, and its Help file on outlining.
      • Some other Outline processor capable software: e.g., Microsoft Word; Word Perfect.
      Databases (Grouping, Patterning, Sequencing)
        One way to begin using a database to organize is to ask some very broad or general questions about the topic your are researching. Decide what fields or categories in the database would help reach the answer(s). As more specific questions emerge, add more fields to the database and collect the data to fill  those fields. Building the database and modifying it as your understanding grows helps bring to the surface the underlying dimensions of the topic.
        • Examples: Clarisworks, Appleworks, Microsoft Works, Access, FileMakerPro, 4th Dimension, Helix, NuBase, lReflex, Dbase, Panorama.
      Further Resources
        On the Shelves: For a greatly expanded extension of these ideas and tools for organizing, see Jonassen, David H. (1999). Computers as Mindtools for Schools: Engaging Critical Thinking, 2nd Edition, Merrill. (short paper on Concept Mapping by D.J. and R.M.).

        On the Drives: Computer-Assisted Reporting and Research, by Dean Tudor (see especially headings towards the bottom of this page titled Spreadsheets, Database Managers, GIS (Geographic Information Systems, Other Software and Multimedia) 

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    Copyright, Dr. Robert S. Houghton, v.1.0, 1994; updated 10.16.99 10:38 am EST