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Bound Cellulose: |
Networked Silicon (Cyberspace): |
| Egypt 3000 B.C. to the present | U of I, the creation of Mosaic, the first multimedia web browser, Urbana, Illinois, 1993 A.D. to the present |
| 2005 A.D. Schools use a significant library of books and more. There are multiple and varied books per student. | 2005 A.D. Students use labs of computers intermittently for short periods of time. In the public K-12 schools there is a national of average of 7-9 children per computer with restricted bandwidth while in post-secondary, government, business and corporations, there is one-to-one access as needed which includes high-speed computer networks. |
| Color costs. The impact for teachers is that they very seldom can prepare materials for their students using color. The more colors, the greater the cost in publishing. | Color is always free. The standard computer model since 1994 has been capable of displaying millions of colors. More recent computers can display over 16 million colors. If teachers have a web server account, they can create student material using color without additional cost. Color improves motivation and retention of information. |
| The size of the page, the relationship of two facing pages and their text and image elements is fixed at the printing press, which is controlled by the composer and publisher. (book pages) | The size of the page is limited by the display size of the computer screen. However, the relationship of two or more "facing pages" or elements within a page or pop-ups from a page and their text is always fluid. This fluid set of relationships is ultimately controlled by the reader. Readers must be taught how to do these things. |
| There is no interaction between media elements in the pages: papyrus rolls; codex; stitched paper; modern textbook 2000. | Any media element can automatically control or be used to manually control the appearance or disappearance of any other media element. For example, linked text in a web page can cause other pages to appear by replacing the existing page or popping over the existing page. Hotspots in a image can cause another web page to appear. Links in time based media such as audio, music, video and animation can activate other web pages and media; etc. Composers must be taught how to do these things. |
| The writer needs fluency with the nature of text and its composition tools. Others in the publishing chain need fluency with images. | The composer needs fluency with the media and multiple composition tools: web text and frame pages; still images; video; sound and music; 2D animation; 3D and virtual reality; and sensors and remote control. |
| The reader's reaction to the author can be kept within the paper book by writing in the margins (marginalia). Interaction to the current work by other readers is never contained in one person's copy of the book, potentially just in later and other publications. | The reader's reaction to and/or interaction with the author's work can be archived and dated in print within the digital book, either confidentially or publicly or both. Interaction with other readers and thinkers can be included in the online page of the book, in real time, or archived by using different techniques, including database interaction systems (such as WonderWeb) or blogs (which can display in one of the frame pages. |
| References and research are physically and often psychologically remote. References are in separate publications which are generally stored in a location different from the one being used. | References and further research to ideas in the online book can be immediate and interactive. The full text of references is increasingly available through the same display screen. As this page and prior chapters have shown, it is also a quick and simple process to enable the reader to display the reference in a "facing page" with web design. Of equal importance, the facing page can be used to display related search results as well as search system tools (engines) in a page of the book: Amazon.com search entry page with full-text searching of millions of books ; ERIC literature search entry page ; Hunter Library search entry and results page ; or Google search entry and results page. |
2. What other questions should we be asking about media integration?
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Updated April 19, 2007